Social Analysis of Curitiba
The majority of these maps come from the IPPUC, Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Curitiba (Institute of Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba). I am using these to gain an understanding of the social inequality in Curitiba, and which areas are under the most pressure.
Index of Adult Education by UDH, 2010
The portion of people over the age of 18 who have completed primary education, which is a fundamental element for social development. The education of a society can impact the kind of jobs people can access, crime levels, and therefore income rates. The map and graph show the areas in which the populations have most/least education; the information comes from the IBGE Demographic Census. The darker areas on the map are the areas with the most adults with primary education. This is mostly concentrated in the centre of the city, with the periphery areas having a low level of education. There are some exceptions to this, for example, Vila Torres is an area quite close to the centre which has a very low education percentage, as shown on the map.
Index of the frequency of children and young people at school by UDH, 2010
This next map shows the frequency of children at school, which you can see is very similar in areas as the map on adult education, but generally there is a higher rate of children in schools now. As more people become educated, and see the benefits of education, hopefully this will continue to rise with increased access to schooling.
Index of the population unoccupied by UDH, 2010
This map shows that unemployment in the city is vastly different from the level of education at both adult and child age groups. While a high percentage of unemployment is evident in the periphery areas, there is also many areas in the central section of the city with high unemployment levels. There is no defined correlation or patterns in this topic.
Income Diversity, 2010
The diversity of income is generated using the Gini Coefficient. A score of 0 is the ideal level of equality, meaning that everyone in that community have equal income and opportunities, in contrast, a score of 1 means a community that is as unequal as possible. Areas that are segregated in the city, for example where all of the people are either rich or poor, have a very good score of equality, as everyone earns a similar amount. To create a more equal society and to reduce crimes from being concentrated in certain areas, the low income residents need to be spread across the city.
Life expectancy, at birth, 2010
This shows the average number of years that people are expected to live, if the standard of living stays the same for their entire life. Low levels of life expectancy are closely linked to vulnerable social populations, for example people in favelas and poor communities where sanitation, education and access to healthcare may not be as good.
Index of subnormal clusters, 2010
This is based on the analysis of the Atlas of Social Vulnerability in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions. Social vulnerability with regard to urban infrastructure is still high, and has not had any significant improvements.
Index of adequate housing by neighborhood, 2010
This identifies the amount of households which have an adequate housing condition. This includes houses with a good density of dwellers and access to basic services, such as water, sewage, and solid waste collection. This shows a large number of regions with very good access, however there is a level of inequality, as there are also areas contrasting this. Again, Vila Torres is an example of this which is near the city centre, whereas, unlike in the education maps, this shows more areas close to the city centre which also have low levels of adequate housing.
Overall the level of social indicators are increasing and progressing, however the level of violence remains a key issues, which I will address in a future blog. There are clear patterns of inequality in the city, which is an evident issue in many cities in the Global South. High levels of rural-urban migration lead to cities developing rapidly, and not always being able to maintain the influx of people in terms of adequate resources and infrastructure.
